Hamster Care: The Essential Guide to Ownership, Care, & Training For Your Pet

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But it many cases, this behavior—known as torpor—isn’t a sign that your hamster is truly sick or dying. hCG (25 IU; Sigma-Aldrich) was injected 76 h later (14:00 on day 4 of the oestrous cycle) and females were mated with fertile males at 18:00 on the same day. Small-RNA-seq analysis of whole testes was used to distinguish pre-pachytene pre-meiotic piRNAs and meiotic pachytene piRNAs as 9 d. affiliations: names in common with same affiliation weighs toward the two names being the same person. Zygotes were collected 40 h after mating and four-cell embryos 61 h after mating (without previous superovulation) by flushing oviducts with M199TE medium (M199 medium with HEPES, sodium bicarbonate and Eagle’s salts, Gibco), supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (Sigma-Aldrich) inactivated for 30 min at 56 °C, 5 mM taurine, 25 μM EDTA and pre-equilibrated with 5% CO 2, 5% O 2 and 90% N 2 at 37 °C.

Small-RNA libraries were prepared using the NextFlex Small-RNA-seq v3 kit (Amplicon) according to the manufacturer’s protocol; 3′ adapter ligation was performed overnight at 16 °C, 25 cycles were used for PCR amplification and gel purification was performed for size selection.bovine testes hyaluronidase (Sigma-Aldrich) in M199TE medium at 37°C for 1 min and washed three times in equilibrated M199TE medium kept under paraffin oil. Sometimes torpor and hibernation are used interchangeably, because both torpor and hibernation result in slowing of the heart and respiratory rates and a decrease in activity and body temperature. Nemmar A, Hoet PH, Vanquickenborne B, Dinsdale D, Thomeer M, Hoylaerts MF, Vanbilloen H, Mortelmans L, Nemery B.

RPMs were then normalized to the length of windows without counting gaps in assembly (N nucleotides) into RPKM values.

In the golden hamster genome, we identified 110 intact IAP insertions, classified as the IAPLTR3/4 subgroup (Supplementary Data 4), whereas a different subgroup (IAPE) is mobile in mice 31 (Extended Data Fig. High-throughput sequencing data have been deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under the accession code GSE164658. DEGs that are commonly upregulated in Mov10l1 –/– and Piwil1 –/– oocytes did not exhibit common features, suggesting diverse control by piRNAs. Available for download = the total number of works by this author whose full texts may be downloaded from an ACM full-text article server. d) Comparison of relative changes in Mov10l1 –/– fully-grown oocytes and ovulated Piwil1 –/– MII oocytes 34.